Notes of Devotion: Exploring the Essence of Qawwali


“When there was no Earth, no universe,
No moon and sun, and no heaven
When the secret of being was not revealed,
When there was nothing, there was only you.”

A translation of a qawwali text by an unknown Urdu poet for the song “Allah Hu” (“God Is!”)

Source: The Art of Qawwali

Qawwali, a mesmerising form of devotional music deeply rooted in Sufism, originated in medieval India. Since then, it has not only been a tool of artistic expression but also a powerful means to convey spiritual messages and foster a sense of unity among diverse communities. Its enchanting melodies and poetic lyrics have transcended time and space and continue to have a profound effect on listeners.

Source: Pixels/Rahat Fateh Ali Khan Painting by Catf

The art form traces its roots to the early years of Sufism, from around the 13th century, when Sufi mystics began gathering for “sama”(communal rituals and spiritual gatherings). These gatherings involved the recitation of devotional poetry accompanied by simple musical chants. As Sufi mystics travelled and encountered various cultures, Qawwali evolved as an amalgamation of indigenous Indian musical traditions with Persian and Arabic influences, resulting in a unique blend of melodic complexity and emotional depth. 

During the medieval period, Sufi saints and their followers performed qawwali in royal courts, entertaining the elite and spreading Sufi ideals among the masses. Furthermore, the communal aspect of qawwali gatherings succeeded in bringing people from different communities together. According to legend, the repetitive and rhythmic melodies created trance-like states, allowing listeners to transcend the mundane and connect with the divine. 

Source: Harvard Blogs, Qawwal

A Qawwali Night At Nizamuddin, New Delhi
Source: Outlook India

Today, the 600-year-old tradition has gained international recognition and continues to entrance listeners around the world. This seamless transition from the boundaries of history to the currents of modernity is a testament to its ability to channel devotion, inspire unity, and carry the messages of divine love across generations. Indeed, the enduring legacy of Qawwali attests to its ability to evolve while staying true to its spiritual roots. 

A still of Riyaaz Qawwali
Source: National Herald

By Ira Sharma


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